To become President, a person must be a natural born citizen of the United States. Naturalized citizens are ineligible, as are persons under the age of In the case that the President should be unable to perform his duties, the Vice-President becomes the President.
Amendment XXII placed a two-term limit on the presidential office. Congress holds the power to declare war. As a result, the President cannot declare war without their approval. However, as the Commander in Chief of the armed forces, Presidents have sent troops to battle without an official war declaration which happened in Vietnam and Korea. The War Powers Act attempted to define when and how the President could send troops to battle by adding strict time frames for reporting to Congress after sending troops to war, in addition to other measures, however it has not had much effect see "War Powers Resolution" section in the Commander in Chief Powers article.
The President is responsible for nominating candidates for the head positions of government offices. The President will typically nominate cabinet officials and secretaries at the beginning of his or her presidency and will fill vacancies as necessary. In addition, the President is responsible for nominating Federal Circuit Court judges and Supreme Court justices and choosing the chief justice.
In , President Dwight Eisenhower used an executive order to put the Arkansas National Guard under federal control and to enforce desegregation in Little Rock.
Affirmative action and equal employment opportunity actions were also taken by Presidents Kennedy and Johnson using executive orders. President Roosevelt issued the most executive orders, according to records at the National Archives. President Truman issued a robust executive orders over almost eight years in office. President Barack Obama issued orders during his presidency. His predecessor, President George W. The power of the Executive Branch is vested in the President of the United States, who also acts as head of state and Commander-in-Chief of the armed forces.
The President is responsible for implementing and enforcing the laws written by Congress and, to that end, appoints the heads of the federal agencies, including the Cabinet.
The Vice President is also part of the Executive Branch, ready to assume the Presidency should the need arise. The Cabinet and independent federal agencies are responsible for the day-to-day enforcement and administration of federal laws.
These departments and agencies have missions and responsibilities as widely divergent as those of the Department of Defense and the Environmental Protection Agency, the Social Security Administration and the Securities and Exchange Commission. Including members of the armed forces, the Executive Branch employs more than 4 million Americans. The President is both the head of state and head of government of the United States of America, and Commander-in-Chief of the armed forces.
Under Article II of the Constitution, the President is responsible for the execution and enforcement of the laws created by Congress. They are joined in this by other executive agencies such as the CIA and Environmental Protection Agency, the heads of which are not part of the Cabinet, but who are under the full authority of the President. The President also appoints the heads of more than 50 independent federal commissions, such as the Federal Reserve Board or the Securities and Exchange Commission, as well as federal judges, ambassadors, and other federal offices.
The President has the power either to sign legislation into law or to veto bills enacted by Congress, although Congress may override a veto with a two-thirds vote of both houses. The Executive Branch conducts diplomacy with other nations and the President has the power to negotiate and sign treaties, which the Senate ratifies. The President can issue executive orders, which direct executive officers or clarify and further existing laws.
The President also has the power to extend pardons and clemencies for federal crimes. The Constitution lists only three qualifications for the Presidency — the President must be at least 35 years of age, be a natural born citizen, and must have lived in the United States for at least 14 years.
And though millions of Americans vote in a presidential election every four years, the President is not, in fact, directly elected by the people. Instead, on the first Tuesday after the first Monday in November of every fourth year, the people elect the members of the Electoral College.
Apportioned by population to the 50 states — one for each member of their congressional delegation with the District of Columbia receiving 3 votes — these Electors then cast the votes for President.
There are currently electors in the Electoral College. President Joseph R. Biden is the 46th President of the United States. He is, however, only the 45th person ever to serve as President; President Grover Cleveland served two nonconsecutive terms, and thus is recognized as both the 22nd and the 24th President.
Today, the President is limited to two four-year terms, but until the 22nd Amendment to the Constitution, ratified in , a President could serve an unlimited number of terms. Congresses of today are equipped to impose these constraints and they do so more often on ideologically opposed administrations. New presidents often reverse previous orders, particularly those of political opponents.
All recent presidents have issued revocations, especially in their first year. They face barriers in doing so, however, including public opinion, Congress and legal limitations. Regardless, executive orders are not as durable as laws or regulations. As he promised , Biden has already revoked numerous Trump executive orders and issued new ones on some big agenda items.
Other policies, like an economic stimulus, will require legislation since Congress holds the purse strings. Though Biden inherits a Democratic House and Senate, their majorities are marginal, and moderate party dissenters may frustrate his agenda. Even so, he will undoubtedly use all available legal authority to unilaterally transform his goals into government policy. Sign up for Politics Weekly.
0コメント