Athens was one of the most important and powerful cities in the ancient world. The bustling main thoroughfare was the Panathenaic Way. For the annual summer birthday celebration of Athena the Greek goddess of wisdom for whom the city is named , a procession started at the Dipylon Gate—the largest of 15 gates in the city—and marched more than a mile to the Altar of Athena on the Acropolis.
Men gathered frequently at three public gymnasia to prepare for the naked athletic competitions in the Panathenaic Stadium. But the heart of daily life was the agora, or marketplace, a sprawling complex of more than , square feet that featured trade in everyday items but also sported brothels, bars, and bathhouses. Bequeathed, too, was his innovative approach of conducting an orderly, thorough examination of the past to explain the causes—and outcomes—of past events. All rights reserved.
Culture Reference. Who was Pericles? Pericles left and Pheidias consult about creation of statue of Athena in this painting. Athens: power and glory. Herodotus, the historian. Share Tweet Email. Read This Next Wild parakeets have taken a liking to London.
Animals Wild Cities Wild parakeets have taken a liking to London Love them or hate them, there's no denying their growing numbers have added an explosion of color to the city's streets. India bets its energy future on solar—in ways both small and big. Its content could be more problematic. In the First World War, for example, quotes from the speech were posted as advertisements in London buses, to inspire the reader with patriotic spirit.
In books of quotations, the Funeral Oration always provides most of the entries for Thucydides; these are the lines he is most famous for, and politicians — especially in the United States — regularly quote these lines in speeches. Special editions of the Funeral Oration were published in Britain in the First World War, and quotations from it appear on many war memorials and are used in memorial services.
The most important thing to remember about the Funeral Oration is that it is a speech, intended to persuade its listeners. Pericles praises Athens so that people will keep fighting; he praises the sacrifices of the dead so that others will imitate them. His words are a powerful expression of the duty of every citizen to fight to defend democracy and freedom — but if, like Thucydides, you have some doubts about the justice of the wisdom of the war, then this starts to look more like dangerous propaganda.
As always, Thucydides does not offer us clear lessons or instructions, but demands that we consider complicated questions. The value of such a spirit is not to be expressed in words. Any one can discourse to you for ever about the advantages of a brave defence, which you know already. In B. The audio, illustrations, photos, and videos are credited beneath the media asset, except for promotional images, which generally link to another page that contains the media credit.
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But if you see something that doesn't look right, click here to contact us! Subscribe for fascinating stories connecting the past to the present. The two most powerful city-states in ancient Greece, Athens and Sparta, went to war with each other from to B. The Peloponnesian War marked a significant power shift in ancient Greece, favoring Sparta, and also ushered in a period of regional decline that signaled the The Athenian philosopher Plato c.
In his written dialogues he conveyed and expanded on the ideas and techniques of his teacher Socrates. The Academy he The classical period was an era of war and conflict—first between the Greeks and the Persians, then between the One of the greatest ancient historians, Thucydides c.
Viewed by many as the founding figure of Western philosophy, Socrates B. The Battle of Marathon in B. The battle was fought on the Marathon plain of northeastern Attica and marked the first blows of the Greco-Persian War. With the Persians closing in on the Greek capitol, Athenian general
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