That means for the customer that always a complete block will be billed per dial-in into the GPRS network, even if the data transmitted is actually less. With a block size of kByte, this may easily result in a high bill. Of course there are cases of applications in which GPRS is not the ideal choice for transmitting data.
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IT Security. Cellular Services. M2M Expertise Network. Sales and Distribution. What is GPRS? What do you need for using GPRS? The packet radio principle is employed by GPRS to transport user data packets in a structure way between GSM mobile stations and external packet data networks. These packets can be directly routed to the packet switched networks from the GPRS mobile stations.
The always online feature - Removes the dial-up process, making applications only one click away. An upgrade to existing systems - Operators do not have to replace their equipment; rather, GPRS is added on top of the existing infrastructure. GPRS benefits the users in many ways, one of which is higher data rates in turn of shorter access times. In the typical GSM mobile, setup alone is a lengthy process and equally, rates for data permission are restrained to 9.
Each of the addresses may be anchored to a different GGSN. Data routing or routing of data packets to and fro from a mobile user, is one of the pivot requisites in the GPRS network. The requirement can be divided into two areas:. The important roles of GGSN involve synergy with the external data network.
It also decapsulates and forwards external data network packets to the appropriate data network and collects charging data that is forwarded to a charging gateway CG. However, some procedures share the network elements with current GSM functions to increase efficiency and to make optimum use of free GSM resources such as unallocated time slots.
The three-state model is unique to packet radio. GSM uses a two-state model either idle or active. Packet transmission to an active MS is initiated by packet paging to notify the MS of an incoming data packet. The data transmission proceeds immediately after packet paging through the channel indicated by the paging message.
The purpose of the paging message is to simplify the process of receiving packets. The MS listens to only the paging messages instead of to all the data packets in the downlink channels.
This reduces battery usage significantly. When an MS has a packet to transmit, it must access the uplink channel i. The MS requests use of the channel in a random access message. The BSS allocates an unused channel to the MS and sends an access grant message in reply to the random access message.
In the standby state, only the routing area of the MS is known. The routing area can consist of one or more cells within a GSM location area.
Because the GPRS network infrastructure does not know the location of the MS, it is not possible to send messages to the MS from external data networks.
When an MS that is in an active or a standby state moves from one routing area to another within the service area of one SGSN, it must perform a routing update. The routing area information in the SGSN is updated, and the success of the procedure is indicated in the response message.
A cell-based routing update procedure is invoked when an active MS enters a new cell. This procedure is used only when the MS is in the active state. The inter-SGSN routing update is the most complicated routing update. The available options are:. In transparent access mode, the MS is given an address belonging to the operator or any other addressing space of domain. The address is given either at subscription as a static address or at PDP context activation, as a dynamic address. Any user authentication is done within the GPRS network.
Access point list - Defines a logical interface that is associated with the virtual template. Attach process - Process by which the MS attaches i. PDP activation process - Process by which a user session is established between the MS and the destination network. Detach process - Process by which the MS detaches i.
As packet data is introduced into mobile systems, the question of how to bill for the services arises. Always online and paying by the minute does not sound all that appealing. Here, we describe the possibilities but it totally depends on different service providers, how they want to charge their customers.
Final destination - A subscriber could be charged for access to the specific network, such as through a proxy server. Reverse charging - The receiving subscriber is not charged for the received data; instead, the sending party is charged. Bearer service - Charging based on different bearer services for an operator who has several networks, such as GSM and GSM, and who wants to promote usage of one of the networks.
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